Research Papers

what is k-means clustering

What is K-Means Clustering?

Definition: K-Means Clustering is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that divides the observations into “K” number of clusters by grouping the data points together. K is the number of centroids that we need in a dataset. Every cluster has a centroid representing the center of a cluster. The algorithm allocates each data point to the …

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pulsed laser deposition

What is pulsed Laser deposition?

पल्स्ड लेज़र डेपॉज़िशन (PLD) (Pulsed Laser deposition) प्रस्तावना (Introduction): पल्स्ड लेज़र डेपॉज़िशन Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) एक पतली फिल्म डेपॉज़िशन तकनीकहै, जहां एकउच्च शक्ति पल्स्ड लेजर बीम को एक निर्वात चेंबर मे लक्ष्य (जिसकी फिल्म बनानी है) पर केंद्रित किया जाता है| लक्ष्य की सामग्री वाष्पिकृत होकर सामने रखे सबस्ट्रेट पर जमा हो जाती है …

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top research institutes of india

Top Physics Research Institutes of India

Rewritten and Edited by: Prashant Kumar Sinha ARIES | Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital: Astronomy and Astrophysics, and Atmospheric Physics. Bose Institute | Bose Institute, Kolkata: Atmospheric sciences, Biophysics, Complex systems and networks, Condensed matter physics and materials science, High energy physics and astroparticle physics, Quantum physics and quantum information, Nuclear, and radiation physics HBNI …

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A Black Hole of Gargantuan Proportion at the Centre of Galaxies

A Black Hole of Gargantuan Proportion at the Centre of Galaxies A Black Hole of Gargantuan Proportion at the Centre of Galaxies from this distant vantage point, the galaxy looks like a calm, giant disc of rotating gas. But if you look closely at the picture, the central region looks extremely bright as compared to …

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Electromagnetic waves

Evolution of Quantum Physics The nature of light (radiation)

Evolution of Quantum Physics The nature of light (radiation)                                 Evolution of Quantum Physics The nature of light (radiation) has been a matter of long debate and a great confusion in the history of Physics. Rene Descartes, the father of the Cartesian geometry, first gave the corpuscular (particle) nature of light and the great Newton …

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